Side milling in the CNC milling process refers to machining the side of a workpiece using a side milling cutter or an end mill. During the machining process,the peripheral teeth of the rotating tool remove material to form flat vertical surfaces, edges, grooves, slots, complex contours, and the like. This technique is commonly used for machining channels or slots in aircraft components, producing casting molds, manufacturing medical implants, and constructing heat sinks for electronic equipment.

When cutting different materials based on this machining method, the differences in the corresponding data evolution behaviors are highly significant. The digitalization of machining process monitoring for different materials will effectively assist users in adjusting machining parameters, thereby improving machining quality.

1-Signal fluctuations in hard materials (304) are more pronounced;

2-Polar graph shows a more distinct cutting edge, indicating a more significant force effect;